Step 1: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 7a^2 & -a & 4 \\ \color{red}{ - } & 3a^2 & -4a & -3 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 2: Change ALL the signs in the second row.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 7a^2 & -a & 4 \\ \color{red}{ - } & -3a^2 & 4a & 3 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 3: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 7a^2 & -a & 4 \\ \color{red}{ - } & -3a^2 & 4a & 3 \\ \hline & 10a^2 & -5a & 1 \end{array} $$