We can use distribution property to multiply the polynomial by the monomial.
$$ \begin{aligned} \color{blue}{5x^3} \cdot \left( 6x-8 \right) &= \color{blue}{5x^3} \cdot 6x + \color{blue}{5x^3} \cdot \left( -8\right) = \\ &= 30x^4-40x^3 \end{aligned} $$