Step 1: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrrrr} & 8x^4 & 24x^3 & -42x^2 & -18x & 27 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & & & 2x^2 & 6x & -9 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 2: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrrrr} & 8x^4 & 24x^3 & -42x^2 & -18x & 27 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & & & 2x^2 & 6x & -9 \\ \hline & 8x^4 & 24x^3 & -40x^2 & -12x & 18 \end{array} $$