Step 1: First we have to write polynomials in descending order.
$$ \begin{aligned} P(x) &= 3t^2+1 \\ Q(x) &= -8t^2+7t-9 \\ \end{aligned} $$Step 2: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 3t^2 & & 1 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -8t^2 & 7t & -9 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 3: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 3t^2 & & 1 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -8t^2 & 7t & -9 \\ \hline & -5t^2 & 7t & -8 \end{array} $$