Step 1: First we have to write polynomials in descending order.
$$ \begin{aligned} P(x) &= -8x^4-7x \\ Q(x) &= -7x^4-2x+1 \\ \end{aligned} $$Step 2: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & -8x^4 & -7x & \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -7x^4 & -2x & 1 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 3: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & -8x^4 & -7x & \\ \color{blue}{ + } & -7x^4 & -2x & 1 \\ \hline & -15x^4 & -9x & 1 \end{array} $$