Step 1: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & -5x^2 & 3x & -1 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & & 5x & 1 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 2: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & -5x^2 & 3x & -1 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & & 5x & 1 \\ \hline & -5x^2 & 8x & \end{array} $$