Step 1: First we have to write polynomials in descending order.
$$ \begin{aligned} P(x) &= 8a^4+7a+6 \\ Q(x) &= 5a^4-2a+4 \\ \end{aligned} $$Step 2: Write second polynomial below the first one. Making sure like terms are lined up.
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 8a^4 & 7a & 6 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & 5a^4 & -2a & 4 \\ \hline \end{array} $$Step 3: Combine like terms (add each column):
$$ \begin{array}{lrrr} & 8a^4 & 7a & 6 \\ \color{blue}{ + } & 5a^4 & -2a & 4 \\ \hline & 13a^4 & 5a & 10 \end{array} $$