$$ \begin{aligned} \frac{x}{3}+12 &= 41&& \text{multiply ALL terms by } \color{blue}{ 3 }. \\[1 em]3 \cdot \frac{x}{3}+3\cdot12 &= 3\cdot41&& \text{cancel out the denominators} \\[1 em]x+36 &= 123&& \text{ move 36 to the right } \\[1 em]x &= 123-36&& \\[1 em]x &= 87&& \\[1 em]x &= 87&& \\[1 em] \end{aligned} $$
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