$$ \begin{aligned} 43x+2 &= 31x-1&& \text{move the $ \color{blue}{ 31x } $ to the left side and $ \color{blue}{ 2 }$ to the right} \\[1 em]43x-31x &= -1-2&& \text{simplify left and right hand side} \\[1 em]12x &= -3&& \text{ divide both sides by $ 12 $ } \\[1 em]x &= -\frac{3}{12}&& \\[1 em]x &= -\frac{1}{4}&& \\[1 em] \end{aligned} $$
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