$$ \begin{aligned} 3n+1 &= n&& \text{move the $ \color{blue}{ n } $ to the left side and $ \color{blue}{ 1 }$ to the right} \\[1 em]3n-n &= -1&& \text{simplify left side} \\[1 em]2n &= -1&& \text{ divide both sides by $ 2 $ } \\[1 em]n &= -\frac{1}{2}&& \\[1 em] \end{aligned} $$