To factor $ x^{3}-8x^{2}+9x-72 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -8x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ 9x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -72 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} x^{3}-8x^{2}+9x-72 = ( \color{blue}{ x^{3}-8x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ 9x-72 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ x^{2}( x-8 )} + \color{red}{ 9( x-8 ) } = \\ &= (x^{2}+9)(x-8) \end{aligned} $$