To factor $ ax+ay+bx+by $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ ax }$ with $ \color{blue}{ ay }$ and $ \color{red}{ bx }$ with $ \color{red}{ by }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} ax+ay+bx+by &= ( \color{blue}{ ax+ay } ) + ( \color{red}{ bx+by }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ a( x+y )} + \color{red}{ b( x+y ) } = \\ &= (a+b)(x+y) \end{aligned} $$