To factor $ ax-ay+bx-by $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ ax }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -ay }$ and $ \color{red}{ bx }$ with $ \color{red}{ -by }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} ax-ay+bx-by &= ( \color{blue}{ ax-ay } ) + ( \color{red}{ bx-by }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ a( x-y )} + \color{red}{ b( x-y ) } = \\ &= (a+b)(x-y) \end{aligned} $$