To factor $ a^2-ad-3a+3d $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ a^2 }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -ad }$ and $ \color{red}{ -3a }$ with $ \color{red}{ 3d }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} a^2-ad-3a+3d &= ( \color{blue}{ a^2-ad } ) + ( \color{red}{ -3a+3d }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ a( a-d )} \color{red}{ -3( a-d ) } = \\ &= (a-3)(a-d) \end{aligned} $$