To factor $ a^2-2a+ad-2d $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ a^2 }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -2a }$ and $ \color{red}{ ad }$ with $ \color{red}{ -2d }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} a^2-2a+ad-2d &= ( \color{blue}{ a^2-2a } ) + ( \color{red}{ ad-2d }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ a( a-2 )} + \color{red}{ d( a-2 ) } = \\ &= (a+d)(a-2) \end{aligned} $$