To factor $ 6m^5+42-am^5-7a $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ 6m^5 }$ with $ \color{blue}{ 42 }$ and $ \color{red}{ -am^5 }$ with $ \color{red}{ -7a }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 6m^5+42-am^5-7a &= ( \color{blue}{ 6m^5+42 } ) + ( \color{red}{ -am^5-7a }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ 6( m^5+7 )} \color{red}{ -a( m^5+7 ) } = \\ &= (6-a)(m^5+7) \end{aligned} $$