To factor $ 4x^{3}-24x^{2}-7x+42 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 4x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -24x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ -7x }$ with $ \color{red}{ 42 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 4x^{3}-24x^{2}-7x+42 = ( \color{blue}{ 4x^{3}-24x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ -7x+42 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ 4x^{2}( x-6 )} + \color{red}{ -7( x-6 ) } = \\ &= (4x^{2}-7)(x-6) \end{aligned} $$