Step 1: Identify constants $ a $ , $ b $ and $ c $.
$ a $ is a number in front of the $ x^2 $ term $ b $ is a number in front of the $ x $ term and $ c $ is a constant. In this case:

Step 2: Multiply the leading coefficient $\color{blue}{ a = 4 }$ by the constant term $\color{blue}{c = -12} $.

Step 3: Find out two numbers that multiply to $ a \cdot c = -48 $ and add to $ b = 3 $.

Step 4: All pairs of numbers with a product of $ -48 $ are:

Step 5: Find out which factor pair sums up to $\color{blue}{ b = 3 }$

Step 6: Because none of these pairs will give us a sum of $ \color{blue}{ 3 }$, we conclude the polynomial cannot be factored.