Step 1: Identify constants $ a $ , $ b $ and $ c $.
$ a $ is a number in front of the $ x^2 $ term $ b $ is a number in front of the $ x $ term and $ c $ is a constant. In this case:

$$ a = 4 , b = 13 ~ \text{ and } ~ c = -12 $$

Step 2: Multiply the leading coefficient $\color{blue}{ a = 4 }$ by the constant term $\color{blue}{c = -12} $.

$$ a \cdot c = -48 $$

Step 3: Find out two numbers that multiply to $ a \cdot c = -48 $ and add to $ b = 13 $.

Step 4: All pairs of numbers with a product of $ -48 $ are:

PRODUCT = -48
-1     48	1     -48
-2     24	2     -24
-3     16	3     -16
-4     12	4     -12
-6     8	6     -8

Step 5: Find out which factor pair sums up to $\color{blue}{ b = 13 }$

PRODUCT = -48 and SUM = 13
-1     48	1     -48
-2     24	2     -24
-3     16	3     -16
-4     12	4     -12
-6     8	6     -8

Step 6: Replace middle term $ 13 x $ with $ 16x-3x $:

$$ 4x^{2}+13x-12 = 4x^{2}+16x-3x-12 $$

Step 7: Apply factoring by grouping. Factor $ 4x $ out of the first two terms and $ -3 $ out of the last two terms.

$$ 4x^{2}+16x-3x-12 = 4x\left(x+4\right) -3\left(x+4\right) = \left(4x-3\right) \left(x+4\right) $$

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