Step 1 :
After factoring out $ 4a $ we have:
$$ 4a^{3}-400a = 4a ( a^{2}-100 ) $$Step 2 :
Rewrite $ a^{2}-100 $ as:
$$ a^{2}-100 = (a)^2 - (10)^2 $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = a $ and $ II = 10 $ , we have:
$$ a^{2}-100 = (a)^2 - (10)^2 = ( a-10 ) ( a+10 ) $$