To factor $ 3x^{3}-5x^{2}+48x-80 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 3x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -5x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ 48x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -80 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 3x^{3}-5x^{2}+48x-80 = ( \color{blue}{ 3x^{3}-5x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ 48x-80 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ x^{2}( 3x-5 )} + \color{red}{ 16( 3x-5 ) } = \\ &= (x^{2}+16)(3x-5) \end{aligned} $$