Step 1 :
After factoring out $ 3b^{2} $ we have:
$$ -48b^{4}+3b^{2} = 3b^{2} ( -16b^{2}+1 ) $$Step 2 :
Rewrite $ -16b^{2}+1 $ as:
$$ -16b^{2}+1 = 1 -16x^2 = (1)^2 - (4b)^2 $$Now we can apply the difference of squares formula.
$$ I^2 - II^2 = (I - II)(I + II) $$After putting $ I = 1 $ and $ II = 4b $ , we have:
$$ -16b^{2}+1 = (1)^2 - (4b)^2 = ( -4b+1 ) ( 4b+1 ) $$