To factor $ 12v^{3}-21v^{2}+8v-14 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 12x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ -21x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ 8x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -14 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 12v^{3}-21v^{2}+8v-14 = ( \color{blue}{ 12x^{3}-21x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ 8x-14 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ 3x^{2}( 4x-7 )} + \color{red}{ 2( 4x-7 ) } = \\ &= (3x^{2}+2)(4x-7) \end{aligned} $$