To factor $ 12a^3+4a^2+3ab+b $ we can use factoring by grouping.
Group $ \color{blue}{ 12a^3 }$ with $ \color{blue}{ 4a^2 }$ and $ \color{red}{ 3ab }$ with $ \color{red}{ b }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 12a^3+4a^2+3ab+b &= ( \color{blue}{ 12a^3+4a^2 } ) + ( \color{red}{ 3ab+b }) = \\ &= \color{blue}{ 4a^2( 3a+1 )} + \color{red}{ b( 3a+1 ) } = \\ &= (4a^2+b)(3a+1) \end{aligned} $$