To factor $ 10x^{3}+25x^{2}-2x-5 $ we can use factoring by grouping:
Group $ \color{blue}{ 10x^{3} }$ with $ \color{blue}{ 25x^{2} }$ and $ \color{red}{ -2x }$ with $ \color{red}{ -5 }$ then factor each group.
$$ \begin{aligned} 10x^{3}+25x^{2}-2x-5 = ( \color{blue}{ 10x^{3}+25x^{2} } ) + ( \color{red}{ -2x-5 }) &= \\ &= \color{blue}{ 5x^{2}( 2x+5 )} + \color{red}{ -1( 2x+5 ) } = \\ &= (5x^{2}-1)(2x+5) \end{aligned} $$