0.5 is 5% of 10.
Step 1: Translate the words into an equation.
| 0.5 | is | what percent | of | 10 |
| 0.5 | = | x | $ \cdot $ | 10 |
Step 2: Solve for $ x $.
$$ \begin{aligned} 0.5 &= x \cdot 10 \\[1.2 em] 10 \cdot x &= 0.5 \\[1.2 em] x &= \dfrac{ 0.5 }{ 10 } \\[1.2 em] x &= 0.05 \end{aligned} $$Step 3: Express $ x $ as a percentage.
$$ x = 0.05 = 0.05 ~~\cdot~~ 100 \% = 5 \% $$